Power / Gas comparison site Encyclopedia
Contents of this article
Solar power.Utilizing the sunlight, it creates eco -friendly electricity that does not discharge CO2.However, do you think what will happen to the future of solar power generation, etc., when it is said that solar bubbles collapse?However, if you are considering whether to put solar power on the roof of your home, we recommend installation with confidence.
Here are everything you may be wondering about when installing solar power.By the time you finish reading, you are a solar power generation.
記事を読む前に…電力会社を変えると年間平均31,266円節約できます！The simulation result of selecting a three -person household with an energy comparative diagnosis is the average annual savings of the plan displayed in the first place in the electricity cost savings.The savings include a gift voucher, etc. (Simulation period / October 14, 2021 -January 26, 2022)
全国で1000万世帯以上が、すでに電力会社を切り替えています。次はアナタが電力会社切り替えで、賢い電気代の節約を始めましょう。さっそくアナタの住んでいるエリアの電力会社を検索！郵便番号を入力して、電力会社比較をいますぐスタート! 〒-「エネチェンジ利用規約」 をご一読いただき、内容に同意いただけましたら、「探す」ボタンを押してください。How about solar power?I asked the salesperson!
Before explaining various questions about solar power generation, I asked Mr. A, who has a qualification as a PV construction engineer and works as a major solar manufacturer, who has a question "What about solar power?"!
The image is an image.
Immediately, what is solar power?
Solar power is a power generation method that uses "solar cells" that turns the light of the sun into electricity.It's eco -friendly because you don't give out CO2, and you can generate electricity anywhere with sunlight, so it's an important energy source in Japan with low resources.
I see, then, how about solar electricity?Are you selling??
How ... (laughs).Well, isn't it selling much recently?The purchase price of electricity has dropped, and the solar bubble can be played.After the earthquake, the demand for eco -friendly has become diminished.In the first place, the new construction itself is decreasing.
- それは太陽光はもう元が取れないってことなんですか？
No, that's not the case.Even if the purchase price has dropped, the equipment can be collected in 10 to 15 years, and after that, the power sales income will be available.
As you've always said, isn't the solar power system broken?I heard that there are various problems ...
The solar panel itself is hardly deteriorated and does not break (see not maintenance -free for details on deterioration).It seems that the oldest solar power generation in Japan has been running for more than 30 years.But do power conditioners need to be replaced in about 10 years?Many manufacturers have been guaranteed solar panels for over 15 years and more than 10 years to power conditioners.Basically, if you construct it properly, you can generate electricity for a long time without deterioration.
I see…….From now on, I will write an article about solar power, but after all, is solar power recommended by people?
I always tell customers that I will definitely put it on.Purchasing sunlight is often compared to a car in terms of cost, but unlike a car, sunlight can always collect its cost.Even if you can't work, only sunlight will work all the time.Above all, it is friendly to the earth with an eco -friendly source.There are no disadvantages other than the initial investment, and I have a confidence in my business, but I recommend it with confidence.
I see!Thank you.
According to Mr. A, solar power generation can collect costs and are good for the environment.As a result of various investigations, I came to the same opinion as "basic".However, it is also true that there are many precautions to introduce sunlight.Based on that point, let's look at all of solar power!
Basic knowledge of solar power generation
降り注ぐ太陽光エネルギーを電気に変換することで、様々な用途に活用することが出来る太陽光発電。太陽光を電気に変える装置が「太陽電池」で、英語ではフォトボルテックPhotovoltic、略してPVと呼ばれます。ここではまず太陽電池の仕組みを紹介した後、太陽電池を用いた太陽光発電システムの基本的構造を見ていきます。ソーラーパネルを構成する太陽電池。皆さんも電卓や腕時計に付いているのを一度はご覧になったことあるはずです。写真のような小さな太陽電池も、メガソーラーと呼ばれる太陽光発電設備に用いられるものでも、実は構造は全く一緒なんです。この黒い板が一体どうやって電気を作っているのか、簡単に解説することから太陽光発電の話を始めていきましょう。Solar cells use semiconductors to turn light into electricity.It is called "battery", but it is not a battery because there is no function to store electricity.The basic mechanism is to generate electricity by moving electrons in solar cells with the power of light.See the figure below.
太陽電池が電気を生み出す仕組みImage quotation: Solar cells are made by combining two types of semiconductors (N -type, P type) with different electrical properties.A semiconductor is a substance that does not allow or can pass electricity depending on the conditions.When the light hits the electrons in the solar cell, the energy starts to move (photodeline effect), and it is a solar cell that creates electricity by guiding it with two types of semiconductors and pushing it out into an external electric circuit.
電気が生まれる流れ- 光が太陽電池の中にある電子に当たる
- エネルギーを持った電子が半導体で分けられる
- 誘導された電子が電気回路に流れ込む
- 電気が生まれる
Due to these properties, the following two are the characteristics of solar cells.
Solar power generation using solar cells with these properties is solar power.
Currently, the solar cells (PN joining type) using the semiconductor introduced are currently being used, but research on new solar cells called pigment -sensitive solar cells is underway.The use of electrons in the pigment is used, but there are several benefits than the conventional silicon type.
色素増感太陽電池のメリットIn 2008, a solar car using a dye -enhancement solar cell completed a race in the race, and it seems that it is now one step before practical use.It is a large and heavy solar cell now, but in the near future it may be attached to all places such as walls and windows to create electricity.
The solar cells have been explained that they will lead electrons with two types of semiconductors and create electricity, but they can be divided into several types depending on the material.
いくつも種類がありますが、今、日本の太陽光発電に用いられているのは以下の4種類になります。Each has its own characteristics.Let's look!
Features by type of solar cell
| 系統 | 種類 | モジュール変換効率 | 主な国内メーカー | 特徴 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| シリコン系 | 単結晶 | 13～20% | 東芝,シャープ等 | 住宅用に人気。 |
| 多結晶 | 12～16% | シャープ,京セラ等 | 産業用に多い。 | |
| ヘテロ接合(HIT) | 18～19% | パナソニック | 住宅用に人気。 | |
| 化合物系 | CIS | 13～14% | ソーラーフロンティア | 経年劣化が少ない。 |
In Japan, the popularity of single crystal silicon solar cells has become increasingly popular, both in Japan, and many domestic manufacturers are manufacturing.
It seems that foreign manufacturers often sell this multi -crystal panel, which is the mainstream overseas.
Panasonic manufactures HIT solar cells, a single crystal silicon, and accounts for most of the hetero -bonded solar cells distributed in Japan.Kaneka, on the other hand, sells multi -crystals and manufactures a thin and rich design instead of sacrificing conversion efficiency.
Until 2014, Honda Soltec produced additional Gallium (GA) called CIGS solar cells (GA), but it was lost due to price competition and is now not manufactured.
The current situation is that each manufacturer is fighting violently over conversion efficiency and price.The conversion efficiency will increase and the price will decrease.
There are several solar cells other than those that are practical as commercial use in Japan.Let's take a brief look at its features.
Now, after knowing how to generate electricity from the sunlight, let's look at the solar power generation system that operates it.This system is basically the same for home use, industrial use, and mega solar.The mechanism itself is simple, so let's understand one by one!
Image quote:
それぞれの項目の解説In the industrial solar power generation system, when receiving a commercial power system (6.6 kV, etc.), it may be necessary to have a "power receiving equipment" that transforms into low -pressure power and light power supply as needed.
Let's take a look at how the generated electricity flows!
太陽光発電システムの電気の流れ- 太陽電池で直流電流を発電
- 接続箱で発電された電気をまとめる
- パワーコンディショナーで交流に変換
- 配電盤で送電
- 家庭内の使用量に対して発電量が足りない場合は商用電力系統で補う(買電)
- 発電量が使用量を上回り余剰が生まれた場合には、電気のネットワーク(系統連系)に送られる(売電)
If the amount of electricity generated cannot be compensated for at night or in rainy weather, purchase electricity from the electric power company.On the other hand, if the amount of power generation exceeds the usage in the sunny day and the amount of electricity is left, it will be flushed to the electric network.In this way, sending electricity to an electric network is called a "reverse tide" (on the other hand, a flow from a normal electricity company to a home is called "tide").
The solar power generation system is connected to a large electric network, and if it is not enough, buy a power, and if there is a surplus, sell power.
Electricity has the property of flowing from higher voltage to lower voltage.It flows from a high place to a low place with the same water as water.If you use electricity at home, you will lose enough electricity, so your home will be lower.It feels like the water level of the electric pond at home is low.Then, since the voltage is lower than the distribution line, the electricity flows to the home is the "tide", which is the flow of electricity from a normal electric power company to the home.On the other hand, as the amount of electricity generated increases than the usage at home, the voltage increases.The water level of the electric pond at home is higher.Then, the voltage is higher than the distribution line, and the electricity flows from home to the distribution line from home.This is the mechanism of the reverse tide, and it is a mechanism that can sell electricity.
There are various types of solar power generation.From the one on the roof of the private house to the one with solar panels lined up in a sunny land, it varies greatly depending on the scale.
The introduction of sunlight is divided into the following three types depending on the introduction amount (kw).
Let's take a look at the installation costs (kW) by installation of solar power generation for residential use.Solar power was once compared to a luxury car.How much is that price now?
An important way of thinking when considering the cost of solar power is "KW unit price", which divides the amount (kW) from the total amount, including the main unit price and construction costs.It is a simple indicator that shows how long it costs per 1kw, and it will almost always appear in solar power ads.Let's give an example.Two solar power sales companies have estimated on the roof of your house.
In this case, the KW unit price of Company A is 370,000 yen, and Company B is 417,000 yen.Company B is cheaper for the appearance price, but in cost -effectiveness, Company A proposal is more advantageous.
According to the "Opinions on procurement price and procurement period in 2016 (draft)" announced on February 22, 2016, the forecast KW unit price in fiscal 2016 (if there is an obligation to install output control compatible equipment, +1)It will be 10,000 yen/kW).
Since the capacity of solar power generation on general houses in Japan is about 3 to 5 kW, the following is a guide to the cost of each capacity.
Estimated cost by installation amount
| 初期費用 | モジュール設置枚数(250Wの場合) | |
|---|---|---|
| 3kW | 105万9,000円 | 12枚 |
| 4kW | 141万2,000円 | 16枚 |
| 5kW | 176万5,000円 | 20枚 |
Please check what kW actually installed to the general household.
KW unit price is calculated from "all costs".There are companies that display the KW unit price without including the monitor fee or power -selling meter fee to make it look cheap, but it ignores the market consent.The KW unit price of the advertisement you are looking at now.Check if you really want it from all costs.
History and terms of solar power generation -Japan was once the best in the world-
Did you know that Japan once was the best solar power generation?Japan was a solar power generation, with four companies, including Sharp, including the Top 5 companies.But as of 2016, such an era is over.Here, let's understand the various terms and circumstances related to solar power generation while following the history of solar power in Japan!
日本の太陽光発電の歴史- オイルショックなどで、エネルギー自給率の向上のため再生可能エネルギー事業が国の重要プロジェクトになる
- 2003年頃からRPS制度(電気事業者による新エネルギー等の利用に関する特別措置法)や助成金で設置が拡大し、2004年には導入量世界一に。
- ドイツ・スペインがFIT制度を導入し導入量が抜かれる
- 2012年日本でもFIT制度が導入され太陽光バブルが起きる
- 利潤期間が終了しバブル崩壊
- 時代は売電から創エネへ
There was a flow like the above so far when we arranged it roughly.Let's take a look one by one.You can see various circumstances around sunlight.
The prices of oil soaring in the first oil shock in 1973 and the second oil shock between 1978 and 1983, and the global economy at the time, which rely on petroleum energy, became confusing.In addition to the energy saving, an energy source other than the oil is required.Since then, the diversification of energy sources and improving energy self -sufficiency have become the foundation of energy strategies.
One of them was renewable energy and solar power generation.
The Agency for Resources and Energy explains renewable energy as follows.
Source: What is renewable energy?
And specifically
And so on.Energy made of thermal power generation using petroleum and natural gas, and energy made of nuclear power using uranium is not renewable energy.
In 1993, Japan's first solar solar power was installed by Sanyo Electric (now Panasonic).The solar power generation facilities at that time were very expensive, 15 million yen at 4kw!Nevertheless, the number of people who have introduced solar power to houses from the interests of new technologies and energy saving has continued to increase.
In 1994, subsidies at the time of purchase began, and Japan's solar power was introduced in the world!It symbolizes the high environmental awareness of the Japanese and the richness of the time.
However, in 2004, Germany introduced the FIT system to sunlight and exploded.Later, the FIT system was introduced in Spain, and the high purchase price called speculation around the world, creating a solar bubble.On the other hand, Japan, on the other hand, was discontinued in 2005 and the amount of introduction was reduced, and as of 2010, it has fallen to third place in the world.
2010年時点の導入量の国際比較The government, who is in a hurry, will consider the resurrection of the subsidy and the introduction of the FIT system in Japan, and in 2009 it will be partially introduced to solar power.
ただし、日本の太陽光発電導入の凄さとは単純な「量」ではなく、住宅用太陽光発電の導入割合の高さであったといえます。住宅用太陽光発電の割合が高いということは、都市部に分散した電源が存在するということです。これは災害に強い電源が都市部にあるということでもあり、山間部に巨大なソーラー施設を作ることよりもメリットが大きいのです。これは一般の日本人が真剣に環境を憂慮し、個人で環境のために動いた確かな結果でした。Image quote:
FIT制度とは？解説This FIT system has exploded the amount of Germany and Spain's introductions explosively. The official name is Feed-in Tariff, and in Japanese, it is called a "fixed price purchase system." Originally devised in the United States, it is spread as a general method for spreading renewable energy. When trying to introduce sunlight, the equipment price is a major obstacle. Even if you sell the electricity you made, it is difficult to make a high capital investment if the purchase price is low. Therefore, the FIT system is a system that sets a higher purchase price than a general electric price and compensates for a certain period (20 years for housing for housing). The purpose is to make it easier to collect initial investment by giving a long -term purchase warranty, promoting investment and financing, and increasing the percentage of renewable energy. While the subsidy system is only an assistant to purchase equipment, the FIT system guarantees a longer period. But you may be worried only one point. This FIT system, which buys electricity derived from renewable energy for a long time, higher than the selling price. Do you know who is paying the difference? The correct answer is our general public. To be precise, is it better to say everyone who uses electricity? It is added to the normal electricity price in the form of a renewable energy revenue (surcharge). The renewable energy levy in FY2015 is 1.58 yen per KW, so if it is 5156 kWh of one household (from the Japan Energy Economic Research Institute's Institute of Economic Research Institute (from 2014 2014), the burden per household is about 8,146 yen per year. It will also be (average of 678 yen per month). Since the purchase period of residential solar power generation is 10 years and the industrial use is 20 years, it is estimated that the re -energy levy will decrease from around 2020, but it will be up to about 3 yen per kW.
The FIT system will be introduced in Japan since July 2012.With the shortage of power in the Great East Japan Earthquake and the shift from nuclear power generation, the momentum for renewable energy has been increased, and a purchase price (40 yen/kwh for industries), which is about twice the international standard, was set.In addition, a full -volume purchase system to purchase all electricity that had not been recognized before was recognized, and the foundation for the solar power generation business was set up.And it was decided to maintain a high purchase price for three years after the enforcement as a profit -oriented time!The fact that the people carry the burden may be one of the reasons for this high price.
In addition, the tax saving effect of “green investment tax reduction”, which recognizes immediate depreciation for capital investment, does not require an effective use of excessive idle land throughout Japan, and no environmental assessment.These were combined, and investments flowed into solar power at once.In addition, the purchase price is 10 kW or more for industrial use, and the larger the size, the higher the business, so a large -scale solar power generation facility (mega solar) was created in Japan.
太陽光バブルが起ったわけImmediately after the introduction of the FIT system, the amount of equipment that was certified as of November 2012 is 388,000 kW, which is 388,000 kW, while the sunlight rises more than 8 times, and since then the Japanese FIT system.We will heat solar power investment.As a result, 94 % of the 88 million KW of equipment certification up to the end of FY2014, which was three years after the profit -making period, was occupied by solar power.And the cumulative amount of Japan has exploded, and is the third largest in the world after Germany China.
世界の太陽光発電の国別導入量ランキングIn addition, the proportion of domestic introductions, which once occupied 95%of residents, has changed significantly due to the large introduction of industrial and mega solar.
国内での太陽光発電の導入量の推移上の図を見て分かるように、FIT制度とそれが引き起こす太陽光バブルで産業用とメガソーラーの導入量が爆発的に伸びていることが分かりますね。Image quote:
The introduction of solar power, which has exploded by solar bubbles, can finally cause a problem.First, look at the table below.
電力各社の接続可能量と接続申込量の状況(2015年1月)Source: You can see that the amount of connections enclosed in the red frame is much higher than the certified amount. If solar power is connected beyond the connected amount, the voltage of the entire power distribution network increases, causing a bank reverse tide problem that hinders normal tide (Bank is a substation from the substation. Until the distribution system). In response to this situation, Kyushu Electric Power was suspended in Kyushu Electric Power's application for all connections, including existing and new, and Hokkaido, Tohoku, Shikoku, and Okinawa Electric Power, which were in the same situation, followed. This shocked many businesses that were planning the solar business, and in January 2015, the system was changed with a de facto introduction limit. When linking high -voltage and special high -voltage equipment of 50 kW or more, the installer will bear the construction costs for the bank reverse tide. This will lead to reflection on the Japanese FIT system and reforms.
The proportion of Japan's solar introduction and renewable energy have increased during the three -year profit consideration period.In the future, the introduction of large -scale solar power generation will be reduced, and the company will mainly promote the expansion of residential solar power generation and the introduction of other renewable energy.Until now, the amount of introduction has been expanded to dark clouds, but it is time to explore more efficient usage while saving energy based on the advances in technology.
Regarding future renewable energy, it will be expanded in the following direction.
In March 2016, the government plans to announce an energy innovation strategy, and it seems that it will proceed in the direction of thorough energy saving, such as introducing the top runner system.Solar power is changing to the era of using solar power on the roof to sell electricity to sell electricity.From the power sales housing to the energy housing, especially zero energy housing, is a trend of sunlight in the future.
Zero Energy Housing (ZEH) is a house with "zero energy balance".
Specifically, it shows a house with the following facilities and the energy usage and consumption of plus minus zero.
ゼロエネルギー住宅の装備In addition to improving energy saving performance, reducing energy consumption and generating electricity with solar power, the government has a standard in the form of a new home in the form of zero energy housing by 2020.We are aiming to make it a specification.Subsidies have been issued since 2012, and are expected to be issued in 2016.Misawa Homes has announced that all new construction in 2017 will be zero -energy houses, and Pana Home will be 85 % in FY2018.The new construction in the future will become more and more zero -energy houses.
In fact, there is almost no subsidy for solar power generation, except for some municipalities.In the future, subsidies are the comprehensive system combined with HEMS and storage batteries, and is a zero energy house that self -sufficient energy.The era of solar power generation, which simply generates electricity and sells electricity, is over.
Benefits and significance of solar power generation
By the way, you can fully understand what solar power is and the current state of solar power generation.From now on, let's take a look at what kind of benefits of solar power actually have.
Solar power is a renewable energy, and CO2 does not discharge any harmful objects, rather than a power generation.This is very important these days when global warming is shouted.
See the figure below.Source: The CO2 emission of solar power generation is about one -20/10 of the oil -fired power generation, which accounts for about half of Japan's power generation ratio, and is an environmentally friendly power generation method.
Being able to make electricity on your own is the biggest advantage of solar power for both individuals and government strategies.Being able to generate power on your own means that you become the director of a small power plant, and in the government strategically, you can do a lot of small power plants in cities.
小さな発電所長になるという事Until now, the electricity made by the electric power company was just spilled from the outlet.He had no choice but to buy electricity made from thermal power and nuclear power, regardless of whether he liked it.However, if solar power is installed, most of the electricity used can be occupied by eco -friendly electricity.If you install solar power, you will be able to participate in the flow of electricity independently!
小さな発電所がいっぱいあるという事The spread of renewable energy such as solar power is also the most important issue in Japan!
When solar power is installed, the electricity bill is cheaper!
... and many manufacturers and dealers have advertised, because the graphs of solar power and power used are as follows.
一般家庭の余剰分買取制度の電力使用図Source: Let's organize.
In other words, the electricity bill in the daytime and the electricity distribution of the electricity sold are cheaper.If these two total exceeds the electricity bill, the electricity bill will not be charged and profits will be born.Depending on the size and situation of solar power generation, if you install 3 kW or more, you will be able to fully cover the electricity bill for four families and earn power sales.For verification of how much money you have and how many years you can get the original, see the 4kw installation simulation.
If all the energy used at home is unified into electricity in addition to solar power, the whole utility cost can be reduced.In Panasonic's estimation, all -electric houses can reduce utility costs by 100 % in addition to solar power!According to Fuji Keizai's 2014, "Survey on the trends of the energy housing and all -electric houses that show new developments with full -scale electricity retailers", the all -electric housing that was 5.62 million in FY2013 was 2025.It is expected to be 10.29 million units, and one in 5 units will be all electrified.However, it seems that it is useless just because the utility cost is low after the earthquake.
Well, from the viewpoint of light heat expenses, all electrification is the best, but in fact, the word itself was all -electrified in the industry for a while.
- そうなんですか？
yes.A house that depends on electricity is raised by a spear ball in the tide of power saving after the earthquake.What is an all -electric house that has no choice but to use a large amount of electricity while saying a circular blackout!It feels like that ...Until then, our company also sold all electrification as a flag, but after the earthquake, the language itself could no longer be used.
So what will happen to all electrification in the future?
All -electrification itself is wonderful and suits the government's strategy.The impact of the earthquake has been clear, so I think it will spread in the future.In short, it is important to recognize what it means to be all -electrified.When everything is covered by electricity, it is possible to centrally compress the utility bills by power generation and power saving, but weaken to fluctuations in electricity rates and lack of electricity.It's good to recommend an all -electric policy, but if you don't create an electric power system that is resistant to the earthquake, it will be a former Nono dance.It's important to be aware of this area.
The flow of the times is an energy house with all -electric and solar power, but it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages when introducing them.
See the articles here more details about all -electrification, which may be zero of utility bills.
Thorough introduction of the advantages and disadvantages of all -electric
This is an investment solar power that can sell electricity and make money.Both residential or investment mega solar can sell electricity and make money.
In the case of residential solar power (10 kW or less), as described above, the surplus can be sold when the daytime power generation exceeds the usage.This is called the surplus purchase system.On the other hand, solar power with 10 kW or more can select this surplus purchase system and full -volume purchase system.See the figure below.
全量買取制度とは電気の質にかかわらず、発電した全部の電気を電力会社が買い取ってくれる制度です。投資用のメガソーラーやビルなどに設置されている太陽光発電は、この方法で利益を出しているんですね。特に産業用はFIT制度で20年間の固定買取が約束されているので、投資が集中しました。これが太陽光バブルですね。Thanks to the mechanism that allows you to sell this electricity, it will make a profit even after collecting the initial cost depending on the size for houses.
Did you know that there are high electricity bills and cheap time?
The price is high during the day when electricity demand increases, and in the morning and nights when demand is low, it is cheap.If you supplement the electricity in the daytime with solar power, you will not have to use that high electricity, so it will be a great deal.
Changing to an electricity price plan that matches your lifestyle can save 10,000 yen or more of electricity bills a year.
Find an advantageous electricity price plan now!
In addition, the power company has a dedicated power plant at that time so that there is no power outage during the peak during the summer day.With the spread of solar power, the amount of power usage in peaks can be reduced (this is called the peak cut effect), and this part can be greatly reduced.That way, you will be able to lower the electricity bill.This is also a great merit of solar power.
Disadvantages and problems of solar power generation
Next, let's look at the disadvantages of solar power.
As I saw in the cost chapter, it is necessary to expect a budget of about 1.5 million yen to install 4kW.It's exactly the same size as buying a car.
The power business is a typical capital investment business, which requires patience to collect high initial investment in 10 years.Before recovering the funds, it can not be said that the house collapses or the social situation has not changed.The biggest risk of solar power is that the initial investment takes a lot of time to collect.
Suddenly, if you install solar power of the same condition in the same condition in "Naha City (Okinawa Prefecture)", "Matsumoto City (Nagano Prefecture)", and "Tokyo", do you think the most preliminary power sponsored??
Is it a sunny Naha in the image?As you might think, surprisingly or surprisingly, Matsumoto City is the largest annual estimated amount of power generation.This is an important factor in the amount of power generation and sunshine hours and temperature, and if it is too hot, it is useless.See the figure below.This is an estimated annual amount of power generated by region announced by Choshu Sangyo.
全国各地の4.96kWシステム年間推定発電量(長州産業)Image quote:思っていたイメージと少し違いませんか？太陽電池は日射時間が長く強い日差しがあると発電量が増えるのは確かですが、温度が上がると発電効率が下がるという性質も同時に持っているためこのような地域差が生まれてしまうのですね。
左図を見てください。気温が上がるにつれて最大出力が低下しているのが分かります。結晶系太陽電池は60℃になると、25℃時のカタログスペック比で約20％も出力が低下してしまうのです。この問題に対して各メーカーも努力をしていて、熱に強いアモルファス太陽電池と組み合わせたパナソニックのHIT太陽電池、ソーラーパートナーズの化合物系のCIS太陽電池は約5%、熱による出力低下を押さえられるとしています。Image quote:真夏の屋根の上は60～80℃にはなりますから、真夏の発電量は実はさして多くありません。年間の発電量推移のグラフを見ると、7月8月の真夏よりも涼しい5月に発電量が増えていることが分かります。Image quote:The temperature is low and the area with long sunshine hours is advantageous, but if it snows and piled up on solar cells, it will not be possible to generate power.Therefore, the area with low temperature and long sunlight time without snow (less) is suitable for solar power generation.
太陽光発電に適した地域Is the area you are considering installing a place suitable for solar power?Please check with the estimated amount of power generation by region announced by each manufacturer.
The fact that the power generation efficiency changes depending on the location, but the "angle" and "direction" of the roof also have a significant effect.This is a fairly large problem when installing it in a renovation.
太陽光パネルを設置するのに適しているのは南側の屋根です。一般的に北側の屋根への設置は発電効率が少ない上、隣家への光害の影響もあるので設置が推奨されていません。太陽光発電を設置しようと思っても、南側に多くの面積を割けないと十分な発電量を得ることはできないんですね。Image quote:また太陽光パネルは適した勾配で設置しないと、効率のよい発電ができません。パナソニックによると、勾配によって以下の様な発電量の差がでます。
勾配別発電量(Panasonic調査)| 屋根勾配 | 年間予測発電量 |
|---|---|
| 3寸勾配(約16.7度) | 5,653kWh |
| 4寸勾配(約21.8度) | 5,722kWh |
| 5寸勾配（約26.6度） | 5,750kWh |
| 6寸勾配(約30.9度) | 5,760kWh |
| 7寸勾配（約34.8度） | 5,731kWh |
Annual average of the optimal inclination of each year (in the case of Shin -South)
| 地域名 | 最適傾斜角(年間平均) | 対応する勾配 |
|---|---|---|
| 札幌市 | 34.8度 | 7寸勾配（約34.8度） |
| 仙台市 | 34.5度 | 7寸勾配（約34.8度） |
| 静岡市 | 33.3度 | 6.5寸勾配（約33度） |
| 東京都23区 | 32.8度 | 6.5寸勾配（約33度） |
| 名古屋市 | 32.5度 | 6.5寸勾配（約33度） |
| 横浜市 | 32.5度 | 6.5寸勾配（約33度） |
| 松本市 | 32.5度 | 6.5寸勾配（約33度） |
| 広島市 | 29.8度 | 6寸勾配(約30.9度) |
| 大阪市 | 29.2度 | 5.5寸勾配（約28.8度） |
| 松山市 | 28.5度 | 5.5寸勾配（約28.8度） |
| 鹿児島市 | 27.7度 | 5寸勾配（約26.6度） |
| 福岡市 | 26.1度 | 5寸勾配（約26.6度） |
| 金沢市 | 25.7度 | 5寸勾配（約26.6度） |
| 新潟市 | 25.0度 | 4.5寸勾配(約24.2度) |
| 那覇市 | 17.6度 | 3寸勾配(約16.7度) |
In addition, if the slope is loose, dust and snow tend to make it easier to intend.
As seen above, if solar power is not installed at an angle suitable on the south side, the power generation efficiency will decrease.
This is where you are worried about solar power as an investment.As long as power is generated in the sunshine, the amount of power generation will decrease if it continues to rain.
晴天時の発電量を100%とした場合の天候の影響Enchanmentation editorial department investigation
The amount of power generation in cloudy or rain falls to 50 % to 10 % as described above.The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry calculates the annual power generation of solar power systems as about 13%of the capacity (capacity for continuing power under 100%conditions).In other words, you think that 13%will be operated on average, including the weather.An unstable power that depends on the weather depends on the weather is also a disadvantage of solar power.
There is a word "maintenance -free" in the business complaint of solar power generation.But in fact, it has not yet mature technically.
Certainly, the solar panel itself has a very simple structure that does not use a motor, so it does not break easily. In fact, it is not clear how much solar cells will deteriorate or broken, and it seems that there is no basis for the expected life of about 10 to 20 years, which is a warranty period. However, even if the panel itself does not deteriorate much, the failure due to inappropriate construction and the failure of the power conditioner using the motor can usually occur. According to the procurement price calculation committee, which determines the purchase price of solar power generation, the annual operation maintenance fee for fiscal 2016 is 3200 yen/kW for housing, and 6000 yen/kW for industrial use. This means that if you install a 4kW equipment, the maintenance cost for 20 years will be 256,000 yen. For more information, please see the simulation of 4kW installation. Currently, most manufacturers have a panel and power conditioner for more than 10 years of output guarantee, which means that if you turn it over, you need a guarantee. Solar power is not maintenance -free.
Solar power generation and money
Did you know what sunlight is like?Now, let's start talking about the money you like.
On February 22, 2016, the committee was approved by the committee for the 2016 procurement price and procurement period.After this, the approval of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry is still needed, but it can be said that it has been decided.Based on that, the changes in the purchase price so far are shown below.
買取価格の推移| 2012年度 | 2013年度 | 2014年度 | 2015年度 | 2016年度(予定) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 住宅用太陽光発電(10kW未満) | 42円/kWh | 38円/kWh | 37円/kWh | 33円/kWh35円(制御対応) | 31円/kWh33円(制御対応) |
| 非住宅用太陽光発電(10kW以上) | 40円/kWh | 36円/kWh | 32円/kWh | 29円/kWh27円(7月以降) | 24円/kWh |
See the fixed purchase price column for 2015.The two prices are displayed, and the lower one says (control compatible).This is because some of the power company jurisdictions were required to attach a machine (output control equipment) that controls the amount of solar power generation (output control equipment) in response to the Kyuden shock.
出力制御対応機器が必要な電力会社In these areas other than Tokyo, Kansai, and Chubu Electric Power, it is necessary to install output control equipment in solar power generation systems.The cost is about 10,000 yen per kW.The role of the output control device is to suppress the voltage increase (power generation) at the peak.During the sunny day, the output of solar power generation may increase and may exceed the capacity of the power company.To prevent this from happening, it will be a machine to operate each solar power generation so that it does not generate power.If the voltage is suppressed, the power will not be generated within that time, so the purchase price is set high.
Click here for details on voltage suppression.If you live in areas where output control equipment is required, please check it out.
What is the mechanism that sends out electricity by selling electricity, and the voltage suppression that reduces the amount of power sales?What is the countermeasure?
Now, let's look at the specific simulation!
The part that becomes a big deal with solar power
It will be two combined.The daytime is the time between 7, 8 o'clock in the morning and about 5 and 6 o'clock in the evening.During this time, solar power generation will generate power, so there is no electricity bill that was applied before installation.The addition of the excess electricity selling the amount of electricity is the profit of solar power generation.The solar power generation as an investment product is that the initial investment is collected in this octopus, and then it becomes a profit.Let's give one example.
4人家族が南向きの屋根に141万円で4kWの太陽光発電を設置しました。南向きに設置した場合は年間で1kWあたり平均1100kWh発電しますので、この太陽光発電は1,100×4で4,400kWhになります。昨年1年間の電気使用量は4500kwh、電気料金は121,500円でした。日中の使用電気量を全体の30%とすると、使用量は1350kwh、電気料金は年間36,450円になります。つまり年間売電量は4,400-1,350で3,050kWhになります。電気料金は27円/kwh(平成26年度電力料金目安単価)で計算The following is a simulation when living in Tokyo, Kansai, and Chubu Electric Power jurisdiction, which is not obliged to install output control devices.
10年間の年間回収額The purchase price guarantee by the FIT system for residential solar power generation is 10 years, so the purchase price from there is still undecided.However, according to the "Status of Introduction of Renewable Energy and Review Studies Regarding Review of Fixed Price Purchase System" announced in January 2016, the benefit of power sales after the purchase period is expected to be assumed in the future.Since the market price is assumed to be 11 yen, the purchase price after the FIT period is calculated as 11 yen.
10年以後の年間回収額It will be.If you make this a graph, it will be as follows.
4kW導入シミュレーション(2016年度版)The unit of the vertical axis is collected in the 12th year of 10,000 yen, and the surface profit 20 years later is 600,000 yen.This is a superficial income simulation derived from the amount of power generation.From here, the cost of operating, such as the failure of the equipment and the inspection cost, will be subtracted.
運転維持費の目安Power conditioner usually has a warranty of 10 to 15 years, and some vendors have a free inspection, so it is not clear how much operation maintenance costs will be.。However, the operation maintenance cost of the procurement price calculation committee to manufacturers and the like as a market average is 3,200 yen per kW per year.Based on this number, the operation maintenance cost for 20 years of operating 4 kW solar power is 3,200 x 4 x 20 = 256,000 yen.Once every four years, a 20,000 yen regular checkup is undertaken, and once a power conditioner of 200,000 yen is replaced at a self -pay, the remaining 20 years will be 344,000 yen.
If 4 kW solar power is installed for 20 years, it can be found that the resources can be collected and earned about 600,000 to 350,000 yen.So, what is going on compared to before 2016 while the purchase price is falling?
It is said that the purchase price has dropped and the solar bubble has collapsed, but in fact residential solar power generation has not changed significantly.This is because the purchase price is decreasing and the equipment price is falling in parallel.See the table below.
Simulation of 4KW installation from 2012 to 2016
| 2016年度 | 2015年度 | 2014年度 | 2013年度 | 2012年度 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 買取価格 | 31円 | 33円 | 37円 | 38円 | 42円 |
| 年間回収額(10年) | 131,000円 | 137,100円 | 149,300円 | 152,350円 | 164,550円 |
| 設備額 | 141万円 | 150万円 | 154万円 | 166万円 | 186万円 |
| 利回り(FIT10年間) | 9.3% | 9.1% | 10% | 9.2% | 8.8% |
| 回収年数 | 11年6ヵ月 | 11年10ヵ月 | 10年9ヵ月 | 12年 | 13年1ヶ月 |
| 20年目の総利益 | 600,000円 | 571,000円 | 653,000円 | 563,500円 | 485,500円 |
I guess you can see that there is almost no difference between yields and years of recovery.The solar bubble popped!The purchase price is continuing to decline!It is a word that I often hear, but it has not changed much for a house with 10 kW or less, and it can collect the funds and make a stable profit.
From July 2012, when the FIT began, it was a profit -conscious period, and the profit of the solar power company was guaranteed.As a result, investment was concentrated in solar power generation, and solar power generation facilities were constructed throughout Japan.By the way, how will the investment of industrial solar power generation of 10 kW or more change at the purchase price in FY2016?
The actual amount of solar power is about 27 GW, but the certified amount (about 82 GW) has already exceeded the target of 2030 (about 64 GW).The government plans to wipe out projects that have not been operated based on the certification based on the "new certification system" scheduled to be implemented from FY2017, and achieve the operation target in 2030.However, as of FY2016, there is no prospect of excluding how many unact working projects (residual projects) are eliminated, and the 2016 purchase price in the form of protecting the profit margin after July 2015 after completion of the profit consideration period.It was decided.In fiscal 2016, the industrial purchase price was 40 %/kwh, which is 40 % reduction immediately after the start of the FIT system, but it is a price that can be expected to be profitable to some extent including the drop in equipment prices.
It is a suggestion to you to introduce solar power!
You've almost learned about solar power.So I will propose to the readers here!
As with Mr. A at the beginning, we recommend that you use solar power generation basically in this article.
It depends on the shape of the roof and the area where it is installed, but solar power generation collects the resources and makes a stable profit after collection.The joy of using environment -friendly energy and being able to use electricity independently is irreplaceable.If you are a new one, you should install it if the budget can be assigned, and I hope that you will be able to consider the installation as a part of asset management.
I've seen a 4kw simulation earlier, but here's a 3-5kw simulation, a main residential use in Japan, as a guide to how much to introduce.
導入量別シミュレーション| 導入量 | 5kW | 4kW | 3kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 設備額 | 175万円 | 140万円 | 105万円 |
| 1年間の金銭メリット(FIT10年間) | 165,100円 | 131,000円 | 96,900円 |
| 1年間の金銭メリット(10年後) | 82,100円 | 70,000円 | 57,900円 |
| 回収期間 | 11年3ヶ月 | 11年6ヶ月 | 11年4ヶ月 |
| 20年後の総利益 | 722,000円 | 600,000円 | 498,000円 |
In addition, there are some points to consider in the case of existing solar power.
既築の場合注意することStorage batteries play an important role in Zero Energy House ZEH.Some manufacturers, such as Panasonic, also sell a stocking system that combines storage batteries and solar power.Here, let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of storage batteries.
太陽光+蓄電池のメリット太陽光+蓄電池のデメリットThe biggest advantage of the storage battery is where you can use your own electricity.With solar power alone, the surplus electricity had no choice but to buy electricity at night.Therefore, even if there is a power outage in the event of a disaster, electricity can only be used during the day when the sun comes out and generates power.However, by attaching a storage battery, you can aim for self -sufficient electricity.
- 蓄電池があると一気に太陽光発電の利便性が増すんですね！
I agree.But it's hard to say that you buy a storage battery ...
- どうしてですか？
After all it is still an underdeveloped technology.It doesn't last long.It costs more than 1 million yen at the price, and the expected life is about 10 years.If you introduce it together, you will be able to take the original, but you will not be able to make a profit.
- そうなんですね……。じゃあ、どういう人が蓄電池を導入しているんですか？
I guess the purchase of a storage battery is for those who want to buy peace of mind.At the expense of power sales, people who choose the security of power outages and electricity rates are buying.It is important to use electricity, not just selling electricity in the future.Solar power alone is close to just roofing.It's still expensive and I have no choice but to think separately, but the technology is progressing, and the times when storage batteries and sunlight can be considered as a set will always come.
Currently a storage battery that costs 1 million yen to 2 million yen.However, about half the price has already appeared overseas, and such a cheap battery is expected to be spread after 2020.If you are thinking of attaching a storage battery, you can also wait a little longer because you can retrofit.
The profit -making time has ended, but in FY2016, the purchase level has been maintained to have some profits.However, it is likely to be until 2016.
Depending on the status of the exclusion of unrealisted projects, if 40-50 GW is compatible with the new certification system as expected, in FY2017, the bidding method and top runner method (top runner = the best performance is excellent.A method based on equipment) is introduced, and the purchase price may be in the 10 yen range!In any case, the method of formulating the existing purchase price will end in FY2016, so if you are now considering the new solar power generation facility, we recommend installing it in FY2016.
How to select a contractor who requests the construction of solar power generation
- AさんはPV施工技術者の資格をお持ちなんですよね。実際に工事もされるんですか？
No, I don't really do it.Since I am a manufacturer, I leave the actual construction to the construction shop.It is useful when talking to a consumer at a seminar.
- メーカーの方は工事をしないんですね。
Basically so.The manufacturer is only wholesale solar power equipment to the store.There are direct sales stores, but most of the actual sales and construction are performed by companies that are different from the manufacturers themselves.So there may be problems ...
- 問題というとどのようなことがあるんですか？
for example,
There is something like that.The manufacturer just sells it to a trader and doesn't have much responsibility to the user.I guess it's up to the store.Therefore, it is very important to choose a good dealer and contractor.If the contractor escapes at night, even if repair is needed, it will not be possible to bring it to anyone.In the first place, solar power is made by drilling holes in the roof.If you don't ask a trusted company, your important house may be wounded.
I see!It is very important to choose a good trader.Is there any way to distinguish it?
One criterion is to judge whether a trader has skills, for example, has the qualification of the "PV construction engineer" that I have.This is a private qualification that the Solar Power Association of the General Association is doing, so if you are asked to confirm, you have to present it, so make sure you have it.Source: After some panel manufacturers, as a proof of the construction technology of our products, it is a good idea to check the construction ID to the contractor and introduce it on its own site.
As Mr. A's story, manufacturers, dealers, and construction stores are different.In addition to the structure of purchasing facilities from the manufacturer, in addition to the situation that anyone can sell, the solar bubble is combined, and after the introduction of the FIT, various companies have entered, and the distribution structure of residential solar power generation is very complicated.。At the same time, there are many suspicious vendors.
FIT制度以前Until the introduction of the FIT, solar power generation was expensive and hardly revenue.The strategy of the trader to sell it was "door -to -door sales".A skilled salesman was selling by explaining the significance of solar power and waking up the eco -consciousness of the consumers.Due to the door -to -door sales, problems such as aggressive sales and much higher than the market price occurred.
FIT制度以後After the FIT system, a wide variety of vendors were born throughout the solar power generation market, as the business was improved.Immediately after the introduction of the FIT system, many malicious vendors have appeared, and many problems have occurred, such as coarse construction, and going bankrupt and not doing after -follow.At present, the market has been selected to some extent, making it easier to find a better company than before, but the current situation that it may be painful if you do not select a trader with proper standards.
The expected life of solar power has been over 20 years.The association with a solar power generation company is also a long period of 10 years.The most important thing is to choose a company that has a long -lasting trust.Here are some good criteria for good traders.
良い業者の条件The following points to pay for the buyer are as follows.
業者選びのポイントSo how do you find a good trader?After all, I think it is better to use a batch quotation site that can request quotes from multiple vendors.Nevertheless, there are a lot of solar quota sites, just like a full of traders.So let's introduce the reliable batch quote site in order!
There are three criteria here: the trust of user -friendly and operating companies, which contracts with excellent dealers.Here are five lump -sum quotes sites that satisfy these three.
グリーンエネルギーナビGreen energy navigation is characterized by the rich support of dedicated customer service, from estimation to construction.In addition, the interview article of 390 merchants and word -of -mouth of users are posted on the site, and it is a great advantage that you can see the face of the dealer.In a remodeling industry newspaper survey on October 27, 2015, it was ranked first on the solar specialty site.Click here for an estimate: Green energy navigation
タイナビGood Fellows Co., Ltd., which operates Tai Navi, is also a site that can respond to various wishes of users, with similar services in storage batteries, all electrification, solar investment, and industrial solar.If you want all -electric and storage batteries, Thai Navi's strength is that you can introduce a company that can respond to it.The number of users exceeded 1 million, and in 2014, it won the number of solar site accesses in the renovation industry newspaper survey.Click here for an estimate: Tai Navi
If you want to buy a solar power generation facility, we recommend the Tai Navi Power Station, a search site specializing in solar power investment with land.Land solar power investment is an investment for those who do not have land or roof but want to manage their assets with solar.It can be said that it is a solar investment with a higher investment without any hassle, such as linking or installation.Tai Navi Power Station has a large number of companies and the number of properties published, and Tai Navi also operates news sites and seminars, so it is characterized by a lot of information that can be provided to users.If you are interested in solar investment, first register as a free member.You will receive information on private properties.Click here for registration: Tai Navi Power Station
価格.COM-太陽光発電(ソーラーパネル)比較・見積りIf you want to do a cheap shopping, it is a solar power generation estimate site operated by the price com that is almost always used.The feature of this site is many word -of -mouth.In addition to over 1,000 users, interviews with dealers are also enriched.In particular, interviews with panel manufacturers are not found on other sites.It is a site that can be recommended for those who want to hear the raw voice with various word -of -mouth.Click here for estimation: Price.com-Solar power generation (solar panel) comparison / estimate
ソーラーパートナーズIf you are investigating something about sunlight, it is this solar partners article that you can see alongside Nikkei articles.A lot of information on solar power generation has been sent, and more than 3 million users are used.280 companies that have passed seven strict standards are members of the company and have a yellow card system that changes the response company with complaints from users.Solar Partners is a collective quote site and hosts a construction company network, which is a lower price than the market price negotiations for manufacturers.In a remodeling industry newspaper survey on October 27, 2015, it won the first place in the solar power generation department.Click here for an estimate: Solar Partners
Flow of solar power construction
Now, you've read so far and thought that you could think of solar power!Let's actually look at the path of introduction.
太陽光発電導入の流れ- 見積り依頼を出す
- 現地調査
- 見積りを比較検討する
- 契約・補助金等の手続き
- 設置工事
- 連係・運転開始
Let's take a closer look.
It is a good idea to make a free quote on the collective quote site introduced earlier.If you enter a simple content such as the shape of the roof on the Internet and send a quote request, you will receive a call from the person in charge of the lump -sum quotation site and consult.All of the above five companies are very kind, so let's listen to their questions.Don't forget the stance of consulting them as soon as you have any questions in the future.
3-5 regional sales companies introduced from the estimated site will come to the field survey (sometimes a estimated estimate by drawings before that).
準備しておくと良いことIt may be explained from the other side, but there are many things that are not so, so let's ask the following points.
聞いておくと良いポイントThe time ends in about 45 minutes to one and a half hours.Please give a contractor while thinking about whether you can get along for more than 20 years.
First of all, the quote does not actually have much information.This is because the writing style is gusset, and the classification items are different.So the most important thing is to make sure that the amount of quotes, power generation simulation, and after -sales follow -up are appropriate.For that purpose, it is essential to estimate phase, so be sure to get a quote from multiple companies.
簡単チェックポイントPlease check the construction schedule when making a contract.The subsidy procedure will be prepared with a resident's card, seal certificate, etc., and the procedure will be performed with the trader.Please check the Panasonic page for subsidies nationwide.Examination of subsidies for solar power generation systems/Panasonic
Construction starts in about one month from the contract, and basically ends in one day.There is also an indoor electrical work, so you need to be accompanied by someone, and you need to drop a breaker once.The important thing on the day is to put tea out because it is easier and better than checking the construction.It is said that most of the problems that occur in construction are not technical lack of technology, but most of them are psychological.Please be able to work comfortably, as you can take a simple care.
Although it is not provided as standard, it is recommended that you get a figure (placement diagram) of the actual solar panel connected on site.This is because the drawings at the time of estimation by the field survey and the original specifications may be changed.It will be an important drawing during maintenance, so let's have it provided.
After the construction, install the power selling meter, and a power company person will come and have a connection connection.If you are unlucky, the "construction date", "power selling meter installation date", and "link date" may be different, but everything will end in two months from the contract.When connected, the power selling meter will turn around, and the memory of the power generation will increase rapidly.You are now the director of the solar power plant.Let's check the daily power generation and start a power generation life!
How to maintain solar power generation equipment
Solar power is installed Yes!That is not the case.It's always exposed to the wind and rain, so I don't know when and what problems will occur.Let's look at the daily checkpoints so that you can immediately notice even if there is an abnormality.
When dirt and dust accumulate, the amount of solar power generation will decrease.You should check the appearance once a month.
Check if there is any dirty place or if there are any scratches or cracks.That said, it is dangerous to actually climb the roof and check it, so I can not recommend it.I think that there is no noticeable abnormality from a distance, and you will only check it.Therefore, the daily check you need is a check of the power generation.
Even if the solar panel itself does not deteriorate, the connection and power conditioners may deteriorate and affect the amount of power generation.However, it depends on the weather, so you can't tell the change in power generation unless it is a week or monthly basis.Manufacturers and dealers provide various data collection tools, so please use them.
If you think it's a failure, contact the contractor or the person in charge of the estimated site you used.In that case, if you can tell the specific decrease in the amount of power generation, the response will be smooth.
The need for maintenance is summarized in the article here.Is that strange?If you think, please see this article.
How to keep the power generation?Solar power generation system maintenance
Summary of solar power generation
太陽電池とはなに？から実際の導入まで、太陽光発電の全貌を駆け足で見てきました。太陽光発電がどういうものか、ある程度理解していただくことが出来たのではないかと思います。エコや省エネに絶対欠かすことのできない太陽光発電。ぜひ導入を前向きに検討してみてください！Finally, here are some important things.
絶対に知っておいてほしいことBy installing solar power, electricity is not sent from somewhere far away, but we make it with this personal hand.It is very important to be able to respond independently to energy as the energy retailer is fully liberalized and the situation surrounding energy changes day by day.Solar power will open a door to the energy -saving society in the future.
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