[Nissan Leaf Winter 1900km test drive] Is BEV used in cold regions?Charging under freezing, electric expenses [Part 1]

In recent years, the performance of the winter battery electric vehicle (BEV) has been a hot topic in the winter season, as record snowfall occurs frequently in various places.The fact that BEV has a narrower adaptive temperature range compared to an internal combustion locomotive, especially on the low temperature side, is known to some of the highly interested in cars.

However, it is not possible to know how performance declining actually has a convenience.So, I intentionally aimed at the timing when the cold wave arrived, and I tried Nissan's BEV and the 2nd generation "Leaf" to the cold Tohoku touring.

The road test car is "Leaf E +" with a large -capacity battery pack with a total capacity of 62 kWh.The tires are Bridgestone's state -of -the -art studless model "Brizac VRX3".By the way, I am doing the same individual with Yokohama -Kagoshima touring during the warm season, and at that time the outbound 1417..It has survived 2 km in six charging on the way by using only a high -speed 200 amperginator (nominal output 90 kW).

日産自動車グローバル本社でテスト車両のリーフe＋を拝領。

The dried book departs from Yokohama, proceeds with Yamagata and Akita via National Route 4, Tohoku Expressway, Tohoku Chuo Expressway, etc., and stop at the two major snowy hot springs: Hijibori Onsen in Yamagata, and Aomori Onsen in Aomori.To Aomori City.The return route is to return to Yokohama through Sanriku Expressway, National Route 6, which opened the whole line, and the total mileage is 1886..1km.

Rough ratio by road type is 4 urban areas, 4 suburban roads, free sections such as Sanriku Expressway and Tohoku Chuo Expressway, and mountain roads 1.The road condition is dry 6, wet 1, snow or sherbet road 3.The temperature is below 0 degrees in eastern Saitama after departure, and the minimum temperature is minus 12 in Akita / Odate, which is below freezing, regardless of day and night until you reach Ibaraki on the way home..3 degrees.All sections were used, and the air conditioner used Auto and deflaster heating as appropriate.In addition, during touring, I did the overnight of heating and seat heater three times, and I tried to see how much power consumption was required for Vivoic.

First of all, let's briefly list the impression of winter long touring in Leaf E +.

1.The power consumption rate increases around 3 degrees below freezing.2.In the snowy road where driving resistance increases, the nerve is used for the cruising performance.3.The speed of quick charging itself is not much different from the summer.Four.Perhaps because there is almost no heat source in the car, the icing is enormous than a normal car.Five.Vivac consumption at heating ON is estimated per 6 hours 4.Surprisingly small at 4kw.6.The traction control of the electric powertrain has a huge power on the snow and an ice burn.

Isn't BEV used in a cold area?

東北中央道の舟形インターを出て日本有数の豪雪温泉として知られる肘折温泉へ。

Let's enter the impression.Although it was easy to use Reef E + in cold regions, it was hard to run in the same way as the warm season, but it seemed that it could be used much more than expected in advance.

Before the drive, I thought it would be the biggest headwind factor.I was not as a low-temperature environment like this time, but in the past, the first-generation leaf late model was 1200 km, Mitsubishi's "i-MIEV", 3300km in the second-generation leaf version, 3300km, 3 times in the cold season.I was trying long -distance driving on BEV, but both were noticeable that the charging speed was reduced compared to the warm season.However, this time, at least in the range to the temperature of 11 degrees, the fall width is a few percent compared to when Yokohama -Kagoshima touring during the warm season with the same vehicle.I felt like I was struggling just because I had a hard time.

I also tested the bivouac on BEV, which has been concerned about a steady -to -a -long occasion in heavy snowfall, which has been occurring in the last few years, but this is much smaller than expected.The estimated power consumption for 24 hours is about 30 % of the battery SOC (state of the state of the state of battery).Even if you are hit by heavy snowfall that you can't catch up with snow, or if you are blocked by an avalanche, if you control the battery level firmly, it will be one day, and if you do it well, you can use it for two days.I was.

Of course, it cannot be a drive obstacle. In a low -temperature environment, the electricity costs greatly reduced, so the cruising range is significantly shorter. In particular, on the snowy road with a large driving resistance, only about 60 % of the warm season can run in a standard performance rapid charger, about 80 km, which can run in one 30 -minute charge. The same is true for ordinary cars that the fuel efficiency drops significantly on the snowy road, but it does not hinder that even if a 800km cruising car can only run 480 km on a snowy road, it will not hinder. However, if a 400km carrier can run only 240km, the problem will increase. After all, the travel distance in everyday life is much longer than in the city. It is still good if there is a row range of Leaf E + and a quick charging acceptance, but BEV like a city car will be forced to be quite inconvenient in the current performance.

Nevertheless, it is my impression that being unusable in the northern country is not likely to be unable to solve it because of BEV fate.At the moment, the battery performance is low and the cost is high, so it is impossible, and if technological innovation is filled with lack of performance, it will probably go to resolve.Even if the low -temperature characteristics of the battery, which were severely rated in the dawn of the lithium -ion battery BEV, had seen a considerable improvement, some had to expect further progress in the future.

Is the average electricity expense in winter approximately 10 %?

Let's talk about the details of the drive.

At the Global headquarters in Yokohama, we borrowed vehicles at a charging rate of 100 %, prepared in Katsushika -ku, Tokyo, where we have home, and started a long journey at 10:00 at night.

Needless to say, the writer from Kagoshima, Kagoshima, is a Zubu amateur, of course.However, he liked skiing and winter mountains when he was young, so he has a little knowledge of cold -resistant equipment.Scoops to remove ice, rubber hammer, wiper 3 -piece set, old, bulky but adaptive temperature of a winter mountain sleeping bag for winter 20 degrees, wear for wintrecking ... It is quite bulky to travel alone, but it does not fall.What a thing.

First, go north on Route 4 Oshu Kaido to Tochigi and Utsunomiya.Leaf E + supports new generation high -speed 200A chargers, so I would like to choose a charger for charging wake points.In the summer, it would reach Yamagata, 380 km away from Yokohama, but in winter, I saw a star around Fukushima and Koriyama, less than 300 km.

福島・郡山市で初回充電後、東北中央自動車道へ。全長9kmの栗子トンネルを抜けると、いきなり特別豪雪地帯らしさを感じさせる光景が。

Route 4 at midnight has a small traffic volume and the flow is very good.The itinerary was matched to the invasion of the cold wave, but the temperature had already dropped under freezing before crossing the Tone River and entering Ibaraki Prefecture as expected.The temperature of Utsunomiya is 2 degrees below freezing, and the average electricity expenses so far are 6.2km/kwh.It will be about 10 % down compared to summer.

Take the Tohoku Expressway from Utsunomiya Interchange.From here to just before Koriyama, the temperature remains at minus 5 degrees to minus 7 degrees.The weather is still good and it is a perfect starry sky.Electric vehicles tend to have a very strong tendency to rose average vehicle speed and increase energy consumption, from hybrid cars to BEVs (fuel cell electrical vehicles).Although the average electricity plan is declining steadily, it is considered that not only low temperature but also cruising at a exact speed of 100 km/h.

The first charging with minus 5 degrees, the "output restricted" is at the mercy of

フロントは着氷しはじめていた。この時点ですでにADAS「プロパイロット」はダウン。雪国ではどのクルマのADASもアウトだ。

Renault in Koriyama = The mileage when you arrive at the Nissan showroom is 263.At 0km, the electricity plan is 5.5km/kwh.The battery charging rate is 10 %.370 from Yokohama using Shin -Tomei and bypass in the summer.While running 0km and remaining 7 %, the cruise is generally three -quarters.The 200A fast charger in this Koriyama was not a familiar new electrician nominal 90kW machine (450V x 200A), but a name of 100kW of a manufacturer called Signet.However, the charging voltage of Reef E + is about 350-390V, so the charging speed should not change even if the highest voltage is different.

At a low temperature of 5 degrees (onboard display minus 4 degrees), we started charging the first time.Unlike the device of the new electrician, the system of the signet is not a voltage or current value, but the resulting electricity and the charged amount of electricity are displayed.The highest value is 72 when the charging rate recovers from 10 % to 16 %.6kw.If this output is charged full for 30 minutes, the charging power will be about 35 kWh even if you consider the loss, but the current will be reduced as the current will be reduced as the charging rate is recovered.

Nevertheless, I thought that over 30kWh could be expected enough, but the incident occurred around 26 minutes after the start of charging.Until then, the power of more than 50 kW had been maintained, but suddenly fell to the 20kW level, and the output was restricted."Please contact the administrator" and you can't help it in the middle of the night, what happened?The amount of charging power is 28.6kWh.I didn't reach the 30kWh.

After charging, aim further north.In front of Fukushima, snow began to flicker around Nihonmatsu.The feeling of rushing into the snowy country gradually becomes confused.At the Fukushima Interchange, we said goodbye to the Tohoku Expressway and took the Tohoku Chuo Expressway to Yamagata and Akita.After passing through the Kuriko tunnel, which is close to 9 km long, which penetrates the Ou Mountains, the climate will be on the Sea of Japan side at once.In the climate category of Keppen, Tohoku belongs to the temperate zone, but in the Sea of Japan, the seasonal wind that has enough moisture blows into the Ou Mountains, so the snowfall is so large that the amount of snow does not apply to a general climate category.It's finally a winter drive.

Even so, the road surface was wet because snow was not yet understood from Yonezawa to Yamagata.The temperature was minus 4 degrees, but the snow melting agent and the uniform system on the road were effective.Nevertheless, BEV tends to decrease remarkably even in wet, and the section from Koriyama to Yamagata is electricity 5..It got worse to 2km/kwh.The mileage from Koriyama to Yamagata is 137.4km and 11 % remaining electricity.28 in Koriyama.Considering that 6kWh was charged, there was a feeling that the harshness had increased.

The 200A charger installed at the Nissan dealer in Yamagata City is also a nominal 100kW machine of the same brand as Koriyama.The temperature is the same as Fukushima.This time, go well ... 10 minutes have passed, OK.20 minutes passed, OK.However, abnormalities occur in the middle of the 20th minute.This time only 0 power.I fell to 4kw.He was half amazed that he wouldn't charge the cordless vacuum cleaner, but he finished the charging without waiting for 30 minutes.The charging power displayed on the display is 27.It was 1kw.

シグネットの200アンペア充電器とリーフe+の相性は悪く、郡山市、山形市、そして青森市と3回使用して3回とも途中でパワーダウン。0.4kWはお話にならない。

Impressed by the excellent traction control

After leaving Yamagata City, the number of snowy roads has gradually increased ... Rather, at this point I am wondering whether to go to Aomori, and if I can complete a low temperature and heavy snow drive in Yamagata, that would be fine.I was running on a route that seemed to be on the snowy road.First of all, Basho Matsuo's "Cicada Voice Entering Rocks and Rocks" is a very famous mountain temple.I didn't know, but the mountain trail was not closed even in the severe winter, and it seems that it can be worshiped.Should I start earlier and get to sleep enough?I left the place while swearing the revenge of winter worship.

The next visit was Hijizori Onsen, known as a heavy snowy hot spring.Unexplored National Route 458 is closed in winter between Sagae and Hijinori, but the snow is removed all year round, and it is possible to pass well with studless tires.The access road for both Yamadera and Hijimori was a snowfall, but the weather was a calm state where the light snow flickered until the arrival of Hijinori.The reef is only FWD (front -wheel drive) and the AWD (four -wheel drive) is not a lineup, but there is no problem with FWD on ordinary snow roads.On the way, there was a phase of light white out due to the snowstorm due to the strong wind, but I was able to reach Hijizori Onsen without difficulty.

山形区間では雪の降りや気温が融雪剤の効く範囲にとどまっていたため、車体への着氷はそれほどでもなかった。

Immerse yourself in a lukewarm hot spring, mix the sake lees in the bath, eat the rich taste mushroom juice and warm it up, and if it is a continuation of the drive, it will be completely different from when it comes.。With the snow that turns white while walking from the public bath to the parking lot, the powdered snow covers the road.Hijinori Onsen is a caldera, and you have to climb a steep slope to escape from it.When you hear the ski resort information on the midnight radio such as "Snow quality is powder", you can climb without any problems with FWD, where the load on the front wheels is small on the climb.

What impressed me here was the excellent traction control of the reef.One of the features of pure electric motor driving that is not mixed with the engine power is that the driving force can be controlled with high accuracy, but even though the reef is a FWD, the wheels do not rotate just by stepping on the accelerator pedal.I maintained the last minute and automatically climbed the steep slope of Ice Burn + powder snow.At a conference on electrification, Toyota's President Akio Toyoda mentioned off -road as one of the fields that would have BEV benefits, but it was also a good idea.

Both charging and electric expenses are different from the predecessor reef

山形～秋田県境に向かう前、食料と飲料を補給。10分ほどの買い物だったが戻ってみると雪まみれ。

Until now, I decided to go to Aomori to see if it was just a prologue of the snowy country drive.Anxiety is only charging and cruising range.The reason is that Tohoku, of course, has a small BEV sales, and the number of powerful 200A chargers is installed.

123 from charging in Yamagata City.After running 9 km, the battery charged 10 % remaining in Shinjo in the northern part of Yamagata Prefecture.The charger here is not a high -speed type with a nominal of 125A of 125A, but the current 121a is maintained over 30 minutes in the actual measurement minus 4 degrees, and the charging electricity display is almost the same as the warm season 21..Secure 7kWh.The old reef, when the number of ampergers may be desperately lowered in cold weather, is exactly the difference between the mud.

The average electricity plan is 4.It was 8km/kwh, but it was displayed more than the actual Koriyama -Yamagata, Yamagata -Shinjo this time.During the warmth, it was highly reliable, but we decided to continue driving with the possibility of such a habit in cold regions.By the way, the battery SOC estimated from the three charging so far is 54-55 kWh.The warming period was estimated to be about 58 kWh, but about 6 % decreased.This is also much less than in the past.The challenge is how to improve electricity, which has a larger decline in cold compared to an internal combustion locomotive.That alone will dramatically improve performance in snowy countries.

When I left Shinjo, I was already in a night session.The interval between snow clouds was clogged than in the daytime, and it began to blizzard lightly, and the Tohoku Chuo Expressway was also full of snow.It is often said that it is a narrow Japan, but the atmosphere is completely different in Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido's four islands, and the culture, temperament, and landscape will change drastically when the border between the prefectures, and when crossing the border of the Edo period.I realize it every time I have a long drive report, but this time it's a midwinter Dewa Road, which rarely goes.The Tohoku Chuo Expressway near the prefectural border is small.If the green lamp indicating the shoulder on the snow -removed snow wall runs through the blizzard and flashes, the air will change again when the country and the country change even in the same snowy country.It was as soon as I was realized.

(Continue to the second part)